HOME BROWSE SALARIES ARTICLES BEST PAYING JOBS SUBMIT SALARY
Browse Salaries
Best Paying Jobs
Articles
Submit Salary
Salary Increase Letters

Professor - Civil Engineering Average Salary in Bahrain 2024

How much money does a person working as Professor - Civil Engineering make in Bahrain?


Average Monthly Salary
2,080 BHD
( 24,900 BHD yearly)

LOW
980
BHD
AVERAGE
2,080
BHD
HIGH
3,280
BHD
All salary figures displayed here are per month except when noted otherwise.
All salary and compensation figures displayed here are gross salary figures, that is the salary before tax deductions. Because taxes may differ across sectors and locations, it is difficult to accurately calculate the net salary after tax for every career.

A person working as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain typically earns around 2,080 BHD. Salaries range from 980 BHD (lowest) to 3,280 BHD (highest).


Salary Variance

This is the average salary including housing, transport, and other benefits. Professor - Civil Engineering salaries in Bahrain vary drastically based on experience, skills, gender, or location. Below you will find a detailed breakdown based on many different criteria.



Professor - Civil Engineering Pay Scale and Salaries in Bahrain

Median and salary distribution Bahrain Professor - Civil Engineering monthly
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/teaching-education/professor---civil-engineering/median-and-salary-distribution-monthly-bahrain-professor---civil-engineering.jpg

Salary Structure and Pay Scale Comparison

5% of people earn
1,960 BHD or more
10% of people earn
1,720 to 1,960 BHD
20% of people earn
1,200 BHD or less
65% of people earn
1,200 to 1,720 BHD
Minimum Salary
980 BHD
Median
1,970 BHD
Maximum
3,280 BHD




Median Salary, maximum and minimum salary, minimum wage, starting salary, and the salary range

All salary figures displayed here are per month except when noted otherwise.
  • Salary Range, Minimum Wage, and Starting Salary

    Salaries for the position Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain range from 980 BHD (starting salary) to 3,280 BHD (maximum salary). It should be noted that the given figure is not the legally mandated minimum wage; rather, it represents the lowest figure reported in a salary survey that included thousands of participants and professionals from all regions of the country.

  • Median Salary

    With a median salary of 1,970 BHD, half of the professionals who work as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain earn less than this amount, and the other half earn more. The median salary denotes the middle value of salaries. Ideally, you would want to belong to the group earning more than the median salary, located on the right side of the salary distribution graph.

  • Percentiles and Salary Scale

    The median is closely associated with two other values known as the 25th and 75th percentiles. By examining the salary distribution chart, it can be determined that 25% of professionals employed as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain earn less than 1,600 BHD, while 75% earn more. Similarly, the chart shows that 75% earn less than 2,270 BHD while 25% earn more.

  • Pay Scale Structure

    To provide a better understanding of expected salaries, we categorized the frequently occurring salaries into different ranges. This approach provides a more precise representation of salary distribution for the job title Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain compared to simply calculating the average. The majority of reported salaries, approximately 65%, fall within the range of 1,200 BHD to 1,720 BHD. About 20% of salaries are below the 1,200 BHD mark, while 10% fall within the range of 1,720 BHD to 1,960 BHD. Only 5% of individuals have salaries exceeding 1,960 BHD.

Salary Comparison by Years of Experience / Professor - Civil Engineering / Bahrain

How do experience and age affect pay?

0 - 2 Years
1,130 BHD
2 - 5 Years+38%
1,550 BHD
5 - 10 Years+42%
2,210 BHD
10 - 15 Years+22%
2,700 BHD
15 - 20 Years+6%
2,850 BHD
20+ Years+9%
3,100 BHD
Percentage increase and decrease are relative to the previous value
Salary comparison by years of experience monthly Bahrain Professor - Civil Engineering
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/teaching-education/professor---civil-engineering/salary-comparison-by-years-of-experience-monthly-bahrain-professor---civil-engineering.jpg

The experience level is the most important factor in determining the salary. Naturally, the more years of experience the higher the wage. We broke down salaries by experience level for people working as Professor - Civil Engineering and this is what we found.


All salary figures displayed here are per month except when noted otherwise.

Employees with less than two years of experience earn approximately 1,130 BHD.

While someone with an experience level between two and five years is expected to earn 1,550 BHD, 38% more than someone with less than two year's experience.

Moving forward, an experience level between five and ten years lands a salary of 2,210 BHD, 42% more than someone with two to five years of experience.

Additionally, professionals whose expertise span anywhere between ten and fifteen years get a salary equivalent to 2,700 BHD, 22% more than someone with five to ten years of experience.

If the experience level is between fifteen and twenty years, then the expected wage is 2,850 BHD, 6% more than someone with ten to fifteen years of experience.

Lastly, employees with more than twenty years of professional experience get a salary of 3,100 BHD, 9% more than people with fifteen to twenty years of experience.

On average, a person's salary doubles their starting salary by the time they cross the 10 years* experience mark.
* Based on the average change in salary over time. Salary variations differ from person to person.

Typical Salary Progress for Most Careers

Salary Comparison By Experience Level
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/images/salary-by-experience.jpg

Salary Comparison By Education / Professor - Civil Engineering / Bahrain

How do education levels affect salaries?

Displayed below is the average salary variance between different education levels of professionals working as Professor - Civil Engineering.

Master's Degree
1,690 BHD
PhD+68%
2,850 BHD
Percentage increase and decrease are relative to the previous value
Salary comparison by education level monthly Bahrain Professor - Civil Engineering
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/teaching-education/professor---civil-engineering/salary-comparison-by-education-level-monthly-bahrain-professor---civil-engineering.jpg

We all know that higher education equals a bigger salary, but how much more money can a degree add to your income? We broke down salaries by education level for the position Professor - Civil Engineering in order to make a comparison.


Level 1: Master's Degree

Employees at this education level have an average salary of 1,690 BHD.


Level 2: PhD

At this level, the average salary becomes 2,850 BHD, 68% more than the previous level.



Is a Master's degree or an MBA worth it? Should you pursue higher education?

A Master's degree program or any post-graduate program in Bahrain costs anywhere from 7,420 BHD to 22,200 BHD and lasts approximately two years. That is quite an investment.

You can't really expect any salary increases during the study period, assuming you already have a job. In most cases, a salary review is conducted once education is completed and the degree has been attained.

Many people pursue higher education as a tactic to switch to a higher-paying job. The numbers seem to support the theory. The average increase in compensation while changing jobs is approximately 10% more than the customary salary increment.

If you can afford the costs of higher education, the return on investment is definitely worth it. You should be able to recover the costs in roughly a year or so.


Typical Salary Difference by Education for Most Careers

Salary Comparison By Education Level
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/images/salary-comparison-by-education.jpg


Salary and Compensation Comparison By Gender / Professor - Civil Engineering / Bahrain

Salary comparison by gender Bahrain Professor - Civil Engineering monthly
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/teaching-education/professor---civil-engineering/salary-comparison-by-gender-monthly-bahrain-professor---civil-engineering.jpg

Though gender should not have an effect on pay, in reality, it does. So who gets paid more: men or women? For the people who work as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain, the average difference between the salary of male and female employees is 10%.

Male
2,190 BHD
Female-9%
1,990 BHD
Percentage increase and decrease are relative to the previous value

Salary Comparison By Gender in Bahrain for all Careers

Salary comparison by gender monthly Bahrain
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/salary-comparison-by-gender-monthly-bahrain.jpg


Average Annual Salary Increment Percentage / Professor - Civil Engineering / Bahrain

How much are annual salary increments in Bahrain for individuals working as Professor - Civil Engineering? How often do employees get salary raises?

Individuals working as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain are likely to observe a salary increase of approximately 7% every 31 months. The national average annual increment for all professions combined is 4% granted to employees every 29 months.

Annual Salary Increment Rate Bahrain Professor - Civil Engineering
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/teaching-education/professor---civil-engineering/annual-salary-increment-rate-bahrain-professor---civil-engineering.jpg


The figures provided here are averages of numbers. Those figures should be taken as general guidelines. Salary increments will vary from person to person and depend on many factors, but your performance and contribution to the success of the organization remain the most important factors in determining how much and how often you will be granted a raise.

Bahrain / All Professions

Annual Salary Increment Rate Bahrain
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/annual-salary-increment-rate-bahrain.jpg

The term Annual Salary Increase usually refers to the increase in 12 calendar month period, but because it is rare that people get their salaries reviewed exactly on the one-year mark, it is more meaningful to know the frequency and the rate at the time of the increase.

How to calculate the salary increment percentage?

The annual salary Increase in a calendar year (12 months) can be easily calculated as follows: Annual Salary Increase = Increase Rate x 12 / Increase Frequency

The average salary increase in one year (12 months) in Bahrain is 2%.

Worldwide Salary Raises: All Countries and All Jobs

World Average Annual Salary Increment
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/images/salary-increment-world.jpg

Salary Packages and Schemes

Not all compensation increases are reflected directly in the salary. Some companies offer upgraded packages to their staff instead of cash money. The figures displayed here account only for direct increments to the base salary.



Bonus and Incentive Rates / Professor - Civil Engineering / Bahrain

How much and how often are bonuses being awarded?Annual Salary Bonus Rate Bahrain Professor - Civil Engineering
Share This Chart
        Get Chart Linkhttp://www.salaryexplorer.com/charts/bahrain/teaching-education/professor---civil-engineering/annual-salary-bonus-rate-bahrain-professor---civil-engineering.jpg

59% of surveyed staff reported that they haven't received any bonuses or incentives in the previous year while 41% said that they received at least one form of monetary bonus.

Those who got bonuses reported rates ranging from 2% to 7% of their annual salary.

Received Bonus
41%
No Bonus
59%

Types of Bonuses Considered

Individual Performance-Based Bonuses

The most standard form of bonus, where the employee is awarded based on their exceptional performance.

Company Performance Bonuses

Occasionally, some companies like to celebrate excess earnings and profits with their staff collectively in the form of bonuses that are granted to everyone. The amount of the bonus will probably be different from person to person depending on their role within the organization.

Goal-Based Bonuses

Granted upon achieving an important goal or milestone.

Holiday / End of Year Bonuses

These types of bonuses are given without a reason and usually resemble an appreciation token.

Bonuses Are Not Commissions!

People tend to confuse bonuses with commissions. A commission is a prefixed rate at which someone gets paid for items sold or deals completed while a bonus is in most cases arbitrary and unplanned.


What makes a position worthy of good bonuses and a high salary?

The main two types of jobs

Revenue GeneratorsSupporting Cast

Employees that are directly involved in generating revenue or profit for the organization. Their field of expertise usually matches the type of business.

Employees that support and facilitate the work of revenue generators. Their expertise is usually different from that of the core business operations.

Example:
A graphics designer working for a graphics designing company.

Example:
A graphic designer in the marketing department of a hospital.


Revenue generators usually get more and higher bonuses, higher salaries, and more frequent salary increments. The reason is quite simple: it is easier to quantify your value to the company in monetary terms when you participate in revenue generation.

Try to work for companies where your skills can generate revenue. We can't all generate revenue and that's perfectly fine.

Bonus Comparison by Seniority Level

Top management personnel and senior employees naturally exhibit higher bonus rates and frequencies than juniors. This is very predictable due to the inherent responsibilities of being higher in the hierarchy. People in top positions can easily get double or triple bonus rates than employees down the pyramid.

Average Hourly Wage / Professor - Civil Engineering / Bahrain


12 BHD per hour

The average hourly wage (pay per hour) for individuals working as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain is 12 BHD.This is the rate they get paid for every worked hour.


Hourly Wage = Annual Salary / ( 52 x 5 x 8 )

About The Hourly Pay Rate

The hourly wage is the salary paid in one worked hour. Usually, jobs are classified into two categories: salaried jobs and hourly jobs. Salaried jobs pay a fixed amount regardless of the hours worked. Hourly jobs pay per worked hour. To convert salary into hourly wage the above formula is used (assuming 5 working days in a week and 8 working hours per day which is the standard for most jobs). The hourly wage calculation may differ slightly depending on the worked hours per week and the annual vacation allowance. The figures mentioned above are good approximations and are considered to be the standard. One major difference between salaried employees and hourly paid employees is overtime eligibility. Salaried employees are usually exempt from overtime as opposed to hourly paid staff.

What is the minimum hourly rate of pay?

The minimum pay rate per hour for people working as Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain is 6 BHD. This is the minimum as per the gathered data in the salary survey not the minimum hourly rate mandated by law.

Salary comparison with similar jobs

Job TitleAverage Salary
Teaching / Education-100%
Academic Advisor1,610 BHD-23%
Academic Assistant1,160 BHD-44%
Academic Coach1,660 BHD-20%
Academic Librarian1,140 BHD-45%
Academic Manager1,810 BHD-13%
Academic Specialist1,390 BHD-33%
Academic Staff1,220 BHD-41%
Accompanist1,270 BHD-39%
Achievement Coach1,630 BHD-22%
Admissions Specialist1,470 BHD-29%
Agricultural Sciences Teacher1,270 BHD-39%
Anthropology Teacher1,260 BHD-39%
Arabic Language Teacher1,220 BHD-41%
Archeology Teacher1,370 BHD-34%
Architecture Teacher1,370 BHD-34%
Archivist1,120 BHD-46%
Art Teacher1,210 BHD-42%
Assistant School Principal1,590 BHD-24%
Assistant Teacher1,120 BHD-46%
Biochemistry Professor 2,310 BHD+11%
Biology Teacher1,270 BHD-39%
Blended Learning Specialist1,630 BHD-22%
Bursary Scheme Manager1,530 BHD-26%
Business Teacher1,370 BHD-34%
Careers Advisor1,580 BHD-24%
Careers Consultant1,630 BHD-22%
Chemistry Teacher1,230 BHD-41%
Chief Remote Learning Officer1,980 BHD-5%
Child Care Coordinator1,290 BHD-38%
Child Care Worker1,060 BHD-49%
Childcare Worker990 BHD-52%
Classroom Assistant1,060 BHD-49%
Clinical School Psychologist1,800 BHD-13%
Coding Coach1,400 BHD-33%
College Aide1,520 BHD-27%
College and Career Readiness Specialist1,640 BHD-21%
College Dean3,100 BHD+49%
College President2,810 BHD+35%
Communications Teacher1,320 BHD-37%
Community Education Officer1,060 BHD-49%
Computer Science Teacher1,190 BHD-43%
Computer Teacher1,170 BHD-44%
Creative Writing Trainer1,500 BHD-28%
Credit Counselor1,530 BHD-26%
Cultural Studies Teacher1,200 BHD-42%
Curriculum Coordinator1,410 BHD-32%
Curriculum Developer1,720 BHD-17%
Curriculum Specialist1,610 BHD-23%
Dean of Faculty2,880 BHD+39%
Demonstrator1,140 BHD-45%
Deputy Controller of Examinations1,580 BHD-24%
Digital Citizenship Educator1,210 BHD-42%
Digital Literacy Instructor1,290 BHD-38%
Director of Learning Technology1,770 BHD-15%
Distance Learning Coordinator1,400 BHD-33%
E-Learning Consultant1,860 BHD-11%
E-learning Content Developer1,650 BHD-21%
E-Learning Designer1,610 BHD-23%
Economics Lecturer2,240 BHD+8%
Economics Teacher1,330 BHD-36%
EdTech Compliance Manager1,400 BHD-33%
EdTech Consultant1,470 BHD-29%
EdTech Content Creator1,400 BHD-33%
Education Administrator1,370 BHD-34%
Education Assistant1,150 BHD-45%
Education Assistant Director1,730 BHD-17%
Education Assistant Librarian970 BHD-53%
Education Assistant Principal1,380 BHD-34%
Education Assistant Professor1,850 BHD-11%
Education Associate1,190 BHD-43%
Education Consultant1,770 BHD-15%
Education Coordinator1,320 BHD-37%
Education Counselor1,470 BHD-29%
Education Director2,260 BHD+9%
Education Policy Analyst1,710 BHD-18%
Education Program Specialist1,590 BHD-24%
Education Researcher1,820 BHD-12%
Education Resource Specialist1,410 BHD-32%
Education Services Facilitator1,510 BHD-27%
Education Technology Specialist1,400 BHD-33%
Educational Content Writer1,590 BHD-24%
Educational Data Privacy Officer1,550 BHD-25%
Educational Psychologist1,880 BHD-10%
EFL Teacher1,330 BHD-36%
eLearning Trainer1,200 BHD-42%
Elementary School Teacher990 BHD-52%
Engineering Lecturer2,210 BHD+6%
Engineering Teacher1,740 BHD-16%
English Teacher1,160 BHD-44%
ESL Teacher1,340 BHD-36%
Faculty Assistant1,640 BHD-21%
Foreign Language Teacher1,100 BHD-47%
GED Teacher1,130 BHD-46%
Geography Teacher1,190 BHD-43%
Head of Mathematics Department1,630 BHD-22%
Head of School2,090 BHD+1%
High School Teacher1,420 BHD-32%
History Teacher1,310 BHD-37%
Infant Teacher940 BHD-55%
Instructional Assistant1,360 BHD-35%
Instructional Coach1,400 BHD-33%
Instructor1,350 BHD-35%
Kindergarten Teacher1,050 BHD-49%
Language Instructor For Expatriate1,080 BHD-48%
Law Teacher1,760 BHD-15%
Learning Designer1,520 BHD-27%
Learning Experience Designer1,840 BHD-11%
Learning Management System Administrator1,470 BHD-29%
Lecturer2,060 BHD-1%
Librarian1,080 BHD-48%
Library Assistant820 BHD-61%
Library Director1,540 BHD-26%
Library Specialist1,150 BHD-45%
Library Technician930 BHD-55%
Life Sciences Teacher1,250 BHD-40%
Makerspace Coordinator and Facilitator1,200 BHD-42%
Math Lecturer2,330 BHD+12%
Math Teacher1,490 BHD-28%
Mathematics Teacher1,380 BHD-34%
Mentor1,430 BHD-31%
Middle School Teacher1,270 BHD-39%
Music Teacher1,120 BHD-46%
Nursery Manager1,810 BHD-13%
Nursery Worker760 BHD-63%
Online Course Developer1,410 BHD-32%
Online Course Instructor1,340 BHD-36%
Online Learning Facilitator1,320 BHD-37%
Online Tutor1,210 BHD-42%
Paraprofessional1,740 BHD-16%
Personalized Learning Specialist1,530 BHD-26%
Physical Education Specialist1,330 BHD-36%
Physical Education Teacher1,090 BHD-48%
Physics Teacher 1,290 BHD-38%
Political Science Teacher1,370 BHD-34%
Post Doctoral Researcher1,980 BHD-5%
Preschool Education Administrator1,400 BHD-33%
Preschool Teacher1,040 BHD-50%
Primary School Teacher1,150 BHD-45%
Principal1,760 BHD-15%
Product Specialist1,460 BHD-30%
Professor - Accounting2,170 BHD+4%
Professor - Architecture2,240 BHD+8%
Professor - Biology2,210 BHD+6%
Professor - Business Administration2,190 BHD+5%
Professor - Chemical Engineering2,440 BHD+17%
Professor - Chemistry2,440 BHD+17%
Professor - Civil Engineering2,080 BHD+0%
Professor - Communication2,100 BHD+1%
Professor - Computer Science2,250 BHD+8%
Professor - Dentistry2,380 BHD+14%
Professor - Drama2,230 BHD+7%
Professor - Economics2,440 BHD+17%
Professor - Education2,210 BHD+6%
Professor - Electrical Engineering2,340 BHD+13%
Professor - English2,160 BHD+4%
Professor - Environmental Engineering2,350 BHD+13%
Professor - Foreign Languages2,210 BHD+6%
Professor - Geological Sciences2,330 BHD+12%
Professor - History2,160 BHD+4%
Professor - Industrial Engineering2,180 BHD+5%
Professor - Law2,410 BHD+16%
Professor - Legal Support2,180 BHD+5%
Professor - Liberal Arts2,310 BHD+11%
Professor - Marketing2,260 BHD+9%
Professor - Mathematics2,570 BHD+24%
Professor - Mechanical Engineering2,310 BHD+11%
Professor - Medical Administration2,370 BHD+14%
Professor - Medicine2,710 BHD+30%
Professor - Music2,110 BHD+1%
Professor - Nursing2,200 BHD+6%
Professor - Pharmaceutical Sciences2,360 BHD+14%
Professor - Philosophy2,190 BHD+5%
Professor - Physical Therapy2,340 BHD+13%
Professor - Physics2,450 BHD+18%
Professor - Psychology2,270 BHD+9%
Professor - Rehabilitation2,150 BHD+3%
Professor - Social Work2,140 BHD+3%
Professor - Sociology2,160 BHD+4%
Professor - Special Education2,230 BHD+7%
Psychology Teacher1,940 BHD-7%
Public Management Assistant Professor1,820 BHD-12%
School Counselor1,750 BHD-16%
Science Educator1,260 BHD-39%
Science Laboratory Assistant1,100 BHD-47%
Science Teacher1,250 BHD-40%
Secondary Mathematics Teacher1,350 BHD-35%
Secondary School Teacher1,210 BHD-42%
Special Education Advocate1,570 BHD-24%
Special Education Teacher1,310 BHD-37%
Special Needs Assistant1,030 BHD-50%
Statistics Lecturer2,190 BHD+5%
STEAM Educator1,180 BHD-43%
STEM Educator1,180 BHD-43%
Student Accounts Coordinator1,170 BHD-44%
Student Development Specialist1,520 BHD-27%
Student Employment Specialist1,470 BHD-29%
Student Services1,180 BHD-43%
Student Services Coordinator1,110 BHD-47%
Student Support Manager1,510 BHD-27%
Substitute Teacher1,010 BHD-51%
Teacher1,100 BHD-47%
Teacher Aide960 BHD-54%
Teacher Trainer1,580 BHD-24%
Teaching Assistant950 BHD-54%
TEFL Teacher1,320 BHD-37%
Training and Development Specialist1,650 BHD-21%
Training Coordinator1,170 BHD-44%
Tutor1,230 BHD-41%
University Teacher2,260 BHD+9%
Virtual Teacher1,130 BHD-46%
Vocational Education Teacher1,220 BHD-41%

Government vs Private Sector Salary Comparison

Where can you get paid more, working in a private company or the government? The difference between the public or government sector salaries and the private sector salaries in Bahrain is 17% on average across all career fields.

Private Sector
1,380 BHD
Public Sector+17%
1,620 BHD
Percentage increase and decrease are relative to the previous value

Salary Statistics and Calculation Guide

What is considered to be a good and competitive salary for the job title Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain?

A good and competitive compensation would range anywhere between 1,970 BHD and 2,270 BHD. This is a very rough estimate. Experience and education play a very huge part in the final earnings.

Gross Salary (before tax) and Net Salary (after tax)

All salary and compensation figures displayed here are gross salary figures, that is the salary before tax deductions. Because taxes may differ across sectors and locations, it is difficult to accurately calculate the net salary after tax for every career.

Base / Basic Salary

The base salary for a careers like Professor - Civil Engineering in Bahrain ranges from 980 BHD to 1,600 BHD. The base salary depends on many factors including experience and education. It is not easy to provide a figure with very little information, so take this range with a grain of salt.


What is the difference between the median and the average salary?

Both are indicators. If your salary is higher than both the average and the median then you are doing very well. If your salary is lower than both, then many people earn more than you and there is plenty of room for improvement. If your wage is between the average and the median, then things can be a bit complicated. We wrote a guide to explain all about the different scenarios. How to compare your salary


Browse Salaries

Salary Increase Letters

Best Paying Jobs
Home BROWSE SALARIES ARTICLES BEST PAYING JOBS Salary Comparison Arabic

©Salary Explorer 2024